Commercial Reading Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercial Reading Programs - Essay Example This essay considers general aspects of these programs, and the various ways they can be utilized in the 8th grade language arts curriculum. The Great Leaps reading program is a commercial reading program that is targeted to improve student fluency, phonics, and motivation. In terms of background elements, the program is recognized as being a research-based program that incorporates education theory and studies in the construction of its instructional methods. It’s indicated that the program has been adopted by a wide-variety of educational programs. Statistical research has also demonstrated that the program has been highly successful in aiding students in special education programs, including students with dyslexia. The program itself is designed to be an efficient means of advancing language arts comprehension. For instance, the student’s in the program spend only ten minutes per day working with the instructor and the materials. This allows for the program to be imp lemented as an after-school or augmented education program that doesn’t overly occupy the student’s time. The program contains a student manual and an instructor manual that are targeted for the learner’s age and reading deficiencies. ... One of the effective uses of the reading program would be for the in-class 8th grade special education language arts curriculum. In these regards, there are a variety of ways the program could be used in this educational context. One of the major ways the program could be implemented is through its incorporation into the main curriculum. In these regards, the program could be implemented to advance student phonics understanding by identifying sounds in isolation. Specific patterns are taught to students in a progressive learning process. Students then advance to the study of prefixes and suffixes. The theory behind this is that these elements allow the educator to imbue the student with critical thinking skills to decode words and phrases they are not familiar with. At a different stage of student education the instructor can incorporate sight phrases to advance student reading comprehension. In these regards, high frequency words are instructed to students. Through this mode of inst ruction the student learns to identify word meanings with these phrases as a means of improving reading efficiency. The final stage of instruction involves reading fluency. In this stage the instructor has the student read age appropriate stories while they listen for aspects of comprehension, fluency, and pronunciation. In the 8th grade special education language arts classroom dividing students into reading groups based on comprehension level could institute this program. The instructor could then implement a teaching assistant or work in rotation with the different groups. This way the students would receive instruction designed for their specific level of reading development in an efficient and effective way. Another prominent reading program is the Reading Blaster program. Whereas

Financial Accounting assignment Speech or Presentation

Financial Accounting assignment - Speech or Presentation Example payment of dividend to the preference shareholders is under the discretion of the board of directors of a company, whereas the interest payment for debentures is not under their control. Interests on debentures are tax deductible whereas dividend payments are not. In the case of a company going insolvent, debentures get preference over the preference shares (Harvard, 2009). A stock exchange placing will enable the company to raise the additional funds very rapidly. However the company has to also satisfy the demands of the common shareholders and a number of changes have to be brought in terms of the management and policies. There is also a possibility of another company placing a bid to acquire the company through the stock exchange. A stock exchange placing can also act an effective marketing for the company, as the more people will become aware of the business (Hobson, 2007). A rights issue is offered to all exiting shareholders, as opposed to stock exchange placing where the stocks are open to common public. The shares are issued based on a ratio, for instance, every share qualifies to buy another four shares, for a specified period of time. The shareholders can either accept or reject the offering. There is a possibility that the required capital may not be raised, as the shareholders may not accept the offering. However, the company does not run the risk of adding more shareholders and also taking the risk of mergers and acquisitions (Hobson, 2007 and Keef, 1992). The additional capital required can also be raised by not paying the dividends to the shareholders for the financial year. The main advantage of this method is that there are no additional costs involved in raising capital. However, it is to be noted that the shareholders may not be happy with this decision and it might have a negative effect on the potential investors (Frankfurter, Wood and Wansley, 2003). The net present value is computed by discounting the future savings to present values at