Multiculturalism in Canada a Myth or reality Research Paper

Multiculturalism in Canada a Myth or reality - Research Paper Example Multiculturalism allows people to follow their cultural norms and values freely because it integrates a sense of tolerance in the people living in the society. Canada is one of those countries which exhibits multiculturalism as people belonging to different parts of the world live there for different purposes. Canadian government encourages minorities to participate fully in different social acts by enhancing their level of social, economic, and cultural integration (CIC). Canadian government not only promotes its own culture and religion but also gives respect and consideration to the religions and cultures of ethnic minorities. In this paper, we will discuss whether multiculturalism really exists in Canada or it is just a myth. Multiculturalism in Canada: A Myth or Reality Dewing and Leman state, â€Å"Canada can be described as a multicultural society whose racial and ethnic diversity is expressed in different ways†. I personally believe that multiculturalism in Canada is a reality because in Canada, there is very little income inequality and people from different cultural backgrounds are living in Canada for so many years. Although 70 percent of the Canadian population is Roman Catholic, but all other people living in Canada are free to follow their respective religions. The government of Canada promotes social equality and that is the reason why Canadian people have no difficulty or pressure in obeying their religions openly. Canadian people believe that a culture is never based on a single race or religion; rather it is a combination of various factors that continuously change with the ongoing changes in the world. Canadian government has adopted various multiculturalism policies, which also prove the existence of multiculturalism in Canada. â€Å"Canadian multiculturalism policy is about valuing diversity† (Rao). Multiculturalism policies of the Canadian government have really made a strong and positive impact on the minds of the foreigners . A large number of foreigners give preference to immigrate and live in Canada because they consider Canada as the true multicultural society where every individual has power to live according to the culture of his or her own country. In 1970s, Canadian government approved multiculturalism as an official policy in order to strengthen the concept of diverse culture and to protect the rights of minorities living in Canada. â€Å"The Government of Canada is committed to reaching out to Canadians and newcomers and is developing lasting relationships with ethnic and religious communities in Canada† (CIC). Canadian government is very friendly and supportive for the immigrants and provides protection to their religious and cultural places. This is the reason why a large number of people want to immigrate to Canada. In Canada, every person is free to follow the culture, which he or she likes. There is no compulsion on any person to follow the cultural norms and values of the Catholic society, rather every religion and culture is given due respect in Canada which make it a real multicultural society. Cultural identity, productive diversity, and social justice and freedom are some of the widely recognized concepts of Canadian society, which endorse the element of multiculturalism in the society of Canada. Some other policies include acceptance of multi citizenship, celebration of festivals of

The Managemetn and Control of Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Managemetn and Control of Quality - Essay Example A company can improve its cash inflow in the form of profits if Six Sigma is deployed systematically and in right areas. The Six Sigma experts continuously work on reducing the defects in order to reach a situation of zero defects in an organization. Six Sigma is applied in an organization in two methods, the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) and the DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) methods. The Six Sigma DMADV approach focuses on the process redesign based on the short falls. The DMADV technique works by developing different alternative models for quality improvement. The DMAIC technique focuses on process improvement in an organization. The DMAIC technique is used in an organization to rejuvenate the least effective process and product. This is focused on improving the future performance on making sufficient improvement in the current activity level. Six Sigma is an approach that is used in all sorts of business and other production areas where q uality improvement is needed. The quality of the Six Sigma approach has made many business entities including GE implement the process. This process includes Define the problem, Measure what you care about, Analyze or Statistically find root causes, Improve or Mobilize change initiatives, and Control or Sustain improvements (DMAIC). In the first phase, teams aim to identify the problems that are related to the business and business satisfaction. Efforts are taken to relate the customer issues with the general business process by the factors of CTQ. In order to get the total result of the process the team establishes project charters, identifies the required resources, and finds the leadership approvals. In the next phase the team identifies the deficiencies of the current process and takes remedial measures. A good understanding of the customer expectations is made possible to establish the out of specification conditions. The characteristic feature of the Six Sigma process of GE is that even the beginners are a ble to meet the challenges of acquiring the concepts and that the time required for complex calculations is made the minimum possible. In the third phase, the root causes of the present defects are identified by the analysis based on which prioritized list of factors influencing the expected result is prepared. For this, various tools like multivariate analysis, test for normality, ANOVA, correlation, and regression etc are made use as the tools. In the next phase, teams seek out best possible solution and build up a plan action to implement the solution. On the basis of the test to confirm the solution, the process is modified and the effect of the result is analyzed. In the final stage, control charting techniques are used in order to improve the current measures. The measures adopted in this stage help to check the possible recurring of the problems. In this stage the approach leads to long term payoffs in quality and monetary terms. The GE employees are trained effectively in th is process and the teams are able to check the business problems applying the concepts of the program to the problem. The competency level that starts from Green Belts is

Human factors in technology Essay Example for Free

Human factors in technology Essay Man is the only being who has utilized technology, to the point that it also caused technology to change rapidly through time. Technology has been one of the most influential concepts in the lives of every human being throughout history. It was so influential that it had become one of the major deciding factors in the direction of history. Technological innovations had evolved from the simple to the very complex. From the simple stone cutting tools that prehistoric man had, to the contemporary blades that virtually do not need any resharpening at all. There had also been evolution from the very crude computing technique such as the finger counting, to the very complex supercomputers. In terms of transportation, from the very simple mode of walking and running, man had innovated transportation technology by inventing and innovating cars, planes, ships, etc. Technology had not only affected transportation and computing, but also the social and psychological scene as well. Companies whose general trade is information and technology are the ones whose organizational structure is very much affected by the technological changes. Most of the companies are either computer manufacturers or technological research companies. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. is an American-based multinational corporation which has its focus on technical manufacturing and designing of electronics and software programs for variations of consumers all around the world. It headquarters can be found in Cupertino, California (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). This company basically focuses on the development and support of several electronic gadgets for the market. This same company currently has its eyes focused on the innovation of already existing technologies, as well as the formation of a new breed of technology for the market. Some of its world-famous creations are the iPod, iPhone and the AppleTV. Aside from these electronic equipment and gadgets, the Apple, Inc. is also into the creation of new and better software programs. In the past, it had focused on creating and developing operating systems (OS), and specific application programs. Today, Apple, Inc. is now setting the path before it releases its newest operating system, the Mac OS X â€Å"Leopard†. Apple is very much into expanding its frontiers by exploring new ways of marketing and product presentation (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). It is now into the trend of having an online store where its products, whether hardware or software, can be bought by just a click of the mouse. The company is well-known for their very user-friendly hardware as well as software. Their iPod series, as well as their iPhone, Macintosh series of personal computers and peripherals, iLife software suite, and the Mac OS are just some of their best-known software and hardware products. Also, the company is a major supplier of prosumer software products for specialized purposes such as the audio and film industry (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). The mentioned things about Apple, Inc. , set up a background for the contemporary company. Technology has an implicit message, and that is to put everything into a very objective perspective, where everything could and should not be subject to an individual’s / group’s personal judgments or beliefs. By virtue of technology, man was able to do things such as measurement and judgment without having biases. With the use of technology, organizations can track their development without having doubts if the people who assessed them were biased about the evaluation process. But this strength is also its weak point. Being very objective would mean that the assessment would be very strict, and it would be guided by certain sets of quantified measurements such as numbers and / or a set of quantified codes. These standards for judgment and assessment can be used to evaluate employees’ activities, company sales and company economic standing. Having these strict standards would mean an easier, more efficient and more economic way of assessing the company. With these, companies such as the Apple could rely on machines about their company’s survival. Machines, which are products of modern technology, could be programmed to assess particular aspects of the company and suggest possible options about how to make the company even more productive. This may sound farfetched, but it could be a good way of looking at the possibility of how machines could help organizations in optimizing their parts. Business oriented companies such as the Apple is currently facing the possibilities of having less human members, and more help from the technology they are developing. These companies, with the help of modern technology, could be able to assess their employees using certain standards that can be input to a computer for further assessment. This way, there would be less processing time, less need for human HRD team members, less specialists in the field of assessing people, more possible members for the pool of computer and technology specialists (which could also mean more capital would be invested on the specialty of the company), and less expenses on the part of the company. Looking at the advantages posed by this method, it would be good to conclude that this could boost company income, thus uplift the lives of its employees in an economic and political sense. On the other hand, this method could also pose a very detrimental effect to the company as a whole, both in the macro and micro perspectives. One disadvantage of this method would be that without the subjective judgments of humans on human resources, it would be possible to miss important and potentially able applicants. Also, it would be possible that the programmed machines would not be able to look the implicit factors such as family background and the personality types of the applicants. Another is the fact that hardcore statistics, which programmed machines use, does not claim that the results are products of the interplay of all possible factors, instead it can only present results with the extraneous factors (which may possibly matter) omitted. References: Apple. com (2007).Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://www. asia. apple. com/. Apple, Inc. (2007). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apple_Computer. History of Apple (2007). ). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.. Mesa, A. (2007). Apple History Timeline. The Apple Museum. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://applemuseum. bott. org/sections/history. html.

Comparison Of Domestic Logistics With International Logistics Information Technology Essay

Comparison Of Domestic Logistics With International Logistics Information Technology Essay Logistics is the management of business  operations, such as the acquisition, storage, transportation and delivery of goods along the supply chain. The key elements of the logistics are discussed in the report to make the process effective. There should be a good strategy to make the logistics effective. The NAF clothing company have retail stores in every major city in UK. It has decided to open new branches in all over the world. The logistics operations will differ in every country. So the best transportation method and the logistics system are to be analyzed before opening the branches in the other countries. Companies always have the threat of global competition so they must always be analysing their competitors if their focus is selling or manufacturing overseas. Now the domestic components of the business turn to be a part of the large global supply chain. This involves a lot of tactics in the local operations. There are many things that are to be considered in the supply chain they are feasibility, technology and visibility. These are needed to be employed in order to form a supply chain that functions efficiently, technology is becoming upgraded day by day and hence they will allow different alternatives of systems to communicate and share information. Visibility means to identify where the goods are. This is very critical for companies to in order for companies to manage their supply chain by identifying the important points throughout the supply chain so that they can reduce the risk of delays. In regard to flexibility companies need to integrate the alternate locations to switch d estinations both domestic and global in order to get the goods to their ultimate destination. At global level companies need to collect large amount of data and transform it to useful information to streamline their operations and to reduce inventory. Managing the supply chain is thus regarded as managing information than moving goods. Also globally operational differences come into picture. Though the concept is the same the out show is different between domestic and global logistics but international trade is more complicated than domestic as it requires different modes of transportation and multiple hand changes. Also the skills and knowledge needed to manage differs from a global to the domestic structure. Globally logistics industry has grown to a high degree of sophistication far in the westernised countries than Asia and Africa. Thus information is not well recognised in Asia and other developing countries. Thus there are chances of missing the information flow and ultimately customers cant be confident of what they will receive when the shipment actually arrives as th ere will be gaps in the visibility. In global logistics there are three main operations i.e., getting the goods to the port of the country of origin, shipping from the port to the destination port. 2.1. Inventory holding: In a distribution system it is important for a company to hold stocks at adequate level and not in a higher level. It is very important to hold stock as it is necessary to balance between demand and supply as there is always a difference between the volumes of supply and demand. The other important reasons are To lower the total production costs To regulate the variations in demand To control the different supply times To lower buying costs and to have an advantage of bulk buying To be aware of seasonal variations To help in the smooth functioning of the production and operating systems To minimise delays in production due to out of stock of spare parts. To facilitate the availability of work in progress. There are a number of types of inventory positions held at different strategy positions in a company mainly at the point with customers and suppliers. They are Work in progress stocks Finished products Pipeline stocks General stores Spare parts Consumables Rotatables and repairs It can also be classified as Working stock Cycle stock Safety stock 2.2. Inventory replenishment system An effective inventory replenishment system aims at balancing the cost of holding stock and the service provided to the customers. The inventory replenishment system was designed to minimise the effect of the high or low level of stock outcomes and to identify the most appropriate level of inventory for all the products that are to be stocked. The negative aspect of low level of stock is that the supplies cannot be made at the specified date and there for e it might lead to a loss of the existing business as well as future business opportunities. And since goods have to be ordered now and then frequently this will increase the cost of purchase as it may involve huge ordering and delivery expenses. On the contrary high stock level are also a major disadvantage as the capital is locked up with the stock and it cannot be used up anywhere else and would tend to remain idle for a long time. Also the goods might become outdated or expired and hence may result in loss and the last disadvant age is that there may be a need to provide and maintain large storage space thus involving more expenses. It is always difficult to calculate the amount of demand based on the available next level of demand. So companies need to hold a higher level of transparency in maintaining information to suppliers and stock holding and demand all through the supply chain. 3. Different types of transportation modes: The mode of transportation is defined by which a shipment is moved from point A to point B, such as by air, rail, road, or sea. The transportation modes vary for both national and international distribution. The transportation modes inside the UK are mostly by land. The Land transportation includes road transportation and Rail transportation. Road Transportation: Road transportation mode is better than rail transportation modes. The Road transportation mode is the mode that has expanded over the last 50 years. The road transportation is made by trucks. The trucks are used for the distribution of goods from the warehouse to the local stores. This transportation mode is easy if the roads are good and the trucks have the large capacity of storage. The goods are distributed from the manufacturing unit to the distribution centres. The goods are then distributed from the distribution centres to the local stores. Road transportation modes have some advantages. They are This method is cost effective. The capital cost of the vehicle is low. The low vehicle costs make the company to expand the road transportation. Fast Delivery Easy to monitor the location of goods. Easy to communicate with the driver Ideal for short distances Rail Transportation: Rail transportation is another transportation method used for long-distance shipping. This offers the same speed as the trucks. This is also in-expensive like road transportation. The rail transportation is used to move the goods which are heavy and to move for a long distance. The good are then moved to another truck to get into the local shops. Due to this, for so many transportations the rail transportation is not used. But to move a long distance the rail transportation is the best method. The Rail transportation is the transportation method after the road transportation method in UK. So the Trucking is the best mode of transportation for the NAF clothing company. The roads are good and also can get product anywhere through the trucks. So the communication with the driver is easy and the other advantages are given above. So the trucking is the best transportation method in the national transportation. International transportation modes: International logistics modes are used to distribute the goods throughout the world. The international transportation modes are by Air and Sea. The services in the International ocean transportation are through linear ships and tramp ships. The Linear ships travel on a regular voyage and it has a pre established schedule with the determined ports. The Tramp ships service do not operates on a regular schedule. It travels to the place wherever the company wants the cargo to be delivered. Different types of vessels are used in this. They are container ships, Roll-on/Roll-off ships, Combination ships, Break bulk ships, Crude carriers, Lash ships, Dry bulk carriers and Gas carriers. Different types of containers are General purpose container, Reefer container, Tank container and Dry bulk container. In shipping mode, there is a competition between the conference shipping and the non-conference shipping. The conference shipping is the group of shipping companies operating vessels in the same trade lanes and they agree not to compete in price and they charge the same price for all same type of cargos. This is reliable and will be useful at the time of entering into the international logistics transportation. The non conference shipping is provided by the other members who are not in the conference. They offer different rates for the same type of cargo. So a newly entered person cannot get into that immediately. It takes time to analyze the cost and quality of different services provided by them. The Air transportation is the next method in the international transportation. The Air transportation is expensive but it will be suitable for immediate delivery. The goods which are to be delivered quickly for emergency purpose Air transportation is the best way. There are different types of air crafts in the international Air transportation. They are Passenger air planes, Combis, Air freighters and Charters. So the Air transportation is the best transportation for the food products but for the clothing industry The Air transportation is expensive. So for the NAF clothing company, the Shipping transportation is the best transportation method for the international transportation. The shipping transportation is in-expensive and also can get more profit from the goods. The developing countries like India and China will choose the shipping transportation is the best method. The Air transportation is expensive but it will be suitable for the food products and for immediate delivery. So the shipping transportation is the best transportation method for international Logistics. Monitoring and Control system in Logistics: Monitoring and control process is the procedure to obtain the detailed information about the process used. There are some approaches used in the process control monitoring. The main two approaches are balanced scorecard and the SCOR model. The SCOR model is one which is suitable for taking supply chain strategic decisions: The supply chain operations reference model (SCOR) is a management tool used to address, communicate, and improve supply chain management decision within a company and also with the customers and suppliers of the company. This model says the business process should satisfy the customer requirements. This is the best model for the supply chain strategic decision making. This integrates business concepts of bench marking, measurement and process re-engineering into its framework. This focuses on the five main areas of the supply chain management. Those five areas are plan, source, make, deliver and return. These are the areas which repeat again and again for every process. Plan: The planning comes first in every model. The demand and supply planning management has to be included first in this. The resources for the entire supply chain have to be planned and determined in the first stage. This also includes business rules to improve the efficiency of the supply chain. Source: This includes how to manage the inventory, supplier agreements, supplier performance and supplier network. This also deals with things like when to receive the goods, verify the goods and when to transfer the product. This also describes material acquisition, procurement unit cost and vendor lead time. Make: This includes production activities, packaging, stocking and releasing. This also includes managing the production activities, facilities and equipment requirement. This includes production management also. Deliver: This step includes order management, warehousing techniques and transportation modes. This involves managing product lifecycles, transportation, inventories, assets, importing and exporting requirements. Return: Companies have to be prepared to handle the return of defective products, packages or containers. This includes managing assets, return inventory, transportation and regulatory requirements. The benefits of the SCOR model are (1) It includes every step in the supply chain process. (2) Most of the companies prove that this model has identified the problems in the supply chain. (3)This model enables a two to six times of return on investment. The operation of control systems starts with setting the objectives. Collect the data and compare with the objectives. Find the differences between the current data and the objectives. Then take the corrective action to attain the objectives. These are tre basi operations of the control system. Tracking and tracing technologies: There are different types of tracking and tracing technologies used in the Logistics transportation systems. The efficient technology will provide the details of the product at every stage. The main technologies are discussed below one by one. Electronic Data Interchange: Electronic Data Transmission is the transmission of data between organizations from one computer system to another computer system. The EDI is used for electronic fund transfer between the financial institutions. The companies use EDI to increase efficiency and to save cost. The communication can occur in less time with fewer errors. There is no labour cost in EDI. The data accuracy is more when compare to the paper documents. So EDI makes suppliers attractive to other companies and retailers. Bar Codes: Every product has a bar code in it. The bar code reader is used to scan the bar code in the product. The Bar code reader consists of a scanner, decoder and a cable that connects reader to the computer. When a product is scanned the details of the product stored in the database. The details already stored in the database. But after scanning that there is a confirmation that the product has reached the destination. Radio Data Terminals: Radio data terminals are very effective in the control and monitoring applications. The hand held Radio Data Terminal is very useful because its portable and handy. It is used in many industries where an information is needed while on the movement of products from one place to another place. This has an internal rechargeable battery pack and an integral antenna. This also has a keypad with 20 programmable keys. This has so many features which help to communicate quickly. Radio Frequency Identity technology: Radio frequency Identification technology (RFID) is a technology that used to communicate between a reader and an electronic tag attached to the object. This is used to track the location of an object. There are three types of RFID tags. They are passive RFID tags. They are passive RFID tags, active RFID tags and also batter assisted passive (BAP) RFID tags. The passive RFID tags have no power source and active RFID tags contain a battery. The battery assisted passive RFID tags requires an external source to wake up and provides a greater range and has a high forward link capability. These are the technologies used to track the goods in the industries. By these methods we can know about where the product is moving. NAF clothing company plc has to follow SCOR model for the better performance. The effective mode of transport to be used for national requirement is through Trucking Freight and inters modal freight. For Global Distribution air freight is expensive but less in use, so Sea transportation is the better one. This must have control on stock, maintaining stock. So the company must follow the global logistic process for expanding its market world-wide.

Husband vs Wife Essay -- Family Marriage Gender Roles Essays

Husband vs Wife Since the traditional conceptions of masculinity and femininity define man as instrumental and woman as expressive, then it follows that men and women can function in their traditional roles only in conjuction with each other. Each requires the other in order to perform at their peak in the world. A man is incomplete without nurturing and tenderness and when he cannot find these qualities within himself he becomes dependent on the woman in his life to provide them. A woman cannot function well without the self-assertiveness and leadership that she, if traditionally feminine could not develop within herself. For these qualities she becomes dependent on a man. Neither can stand alone and this relationship is formalized within the institution of marriage. Once the relationship is established, tasks and behaviors are assigned along sex-oriented lines. The woman becomes the wife and mother with certain tasks and the man accordingly becomes the husband and father with his own set of prescribed tasks and behaviors. In this relationship, powers are divided rather than shared. The man is allocated the power to make important decisions, achieve status, and material goods. On the other hand, assumes the power to feel, nurture, serve and manage domestic and interpersonal life of the home. Women thus gain power in private in exchange for submission in public. This is the traditional bargain struck between the two sexes. With the acceptance of the role of wife almost all women, especially role-oriented women, accept as well as the role of housewife. The deprecatory phrase ?I?m just a housewife? typifies the low esteem in which this position is held in our society. The housewife?s responsibilities fall under at least twelve occupational titles: nursemaid, housekeeper, seamstress, dietician, cook, dishwasher, laundress, food buyer, chauffer, gardener, practical nurse, and maintenance worker. However, she receives no pay and has to ask her husband for money for basically everything. It is remarkable that most women still rush to fill such a position. The traditional housewife?s main task is putting the interests of her husband and her children first. Her central mission in life is to care for her husband and children, and finds her major satisfaction in her family. In addition, for the traditional wife individual achievement is proscribed tho... ...ir own well being are disdained as ?woman?s work? ? the chores of the inferior sex. Undertaking the responsibilities of the housewife for many men is again an admission of failure, a sign announcing inadequacy in doing men?s work, which, if successful and profitable, would no doubt keep them to busy for insignificant tasks. Men do, however, develop traits often not found in women. In their competitive world men enhance their own logic and rationality and they learn top deal with problems, not people, as they inch their way up the latter of status and prestige external supports in this world are strong and rewards are tangible. They seldom have to wonder if their labor is or is not noticed, appreciated, or of value. At the same time as men?s energies are engaged in this competitiveness they tend top lose touch with their own emotions of with those of others. They are not interested in vital interpersonal communication when they return home after a day?s work. Overworked and preocc upied they desire only relief from those they have left at the office. Very much in need of emotional support they still regard the interpersonal facet and life as secondary to the major business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Character of Simon in William Goldings Lord of the Flies :: William Golding Lord of the Flies

The Character of Simon in William Golding's Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout William Golding's, Lord of the Flies, many of the characters go through changes in their personality traits. From beginning to end, Simon goes through the smallest amount of change than anyone in the novel. Despite the fact that Simon did not really fit in with the other boys, he tried his hardest to make a difference in his and the other's lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning, Simon was described as a 'skinny, vivid little boy†¦,'; (Golding 24) showing that he was undersized and possibly weaker than the others. He stuck around Ralph for a while, went exploring with him and Jack, and even helped him build the shelters. It was not long before he began to wander off by himself to that little place among the creepers. The other boys thought he was 'queer†¦.funny.'; (55) because he was an outcast and rather strange.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the middle of Simon's stay on the island, he started to realize that he truly was different from the others. Every time he tried to talk to the other children, his 'effort fell about him in ruins; the laughter beat him cruelly and he shrank away defenseless to his seat.';(89) Just when he thought he had been accepted he embarrassed himself again, 'When he bashed into a tree Ralph looked sideways impatiently and Robert sniggered.';(104) They were getting restless with his behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end, he was trying more to tell the boys what he knew, but they just thought he was weird. He told Ralph, 'You'll get back alright.';(111) Ralph's response was only that he thought Simon was 'batty.'; In another instance, he went to tell the others that he found out what the beast really was (the parachutist), but got caught in their bestial dance. They heard him 'crying something about a body on the hill,'; (152) but it was too late. In the darkness, he had been mistaken for the beast and was killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Simon's life was a short one and he did not have the time to go through much change, he proved that there was hope for being rescued.

Margaret Floy Washburn

Margaret floy Washburn was a strong intellectual woman, the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology, was born on July 25th in Harlem in New York City to parents who strongly encouraged intellectual pursuits. Washburn was notably a teacher, however she worked in many areas of psychology and it well-known for her contributions in theory development (including her motor theory), experimental work, animal behavior and professional service. Besides publishing over 200 scientific articles and reviews, she translated Wundt's Ethical Systems, 1897, and wrote two books: The Animal Mind, 1908; and Movement and Mental Imagery, 1916. Between 1905 and 1938, she published sixty-eight studies from the Vassar Psychological Laboratory-an undergraduate laboratory with 117 students as joint authors. The summers of 1913-1917 she taught psychology in the summer sessions at Columbia University; the spring of 1928 when, on her only sabbatical leave, she took a Mediterranean cruise; and the summers of 1929 and 1932 during which she traveled to England and Copenhagen. She was cooperating editor of the Psychological Bulletin, 1909-1915; associate editor of the Journal of Animal Behavior, 1911-1917; advisory editor of the Psychological Review, 1916-1930; and associate editor of the Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1921-1935. In 1921, she was president of the American Psychological Association; that same year, she was awarded a prize of $500 by the Edison Phonograph Company for the best research on the effects of music–a study of â€Å"The Emotional Effects of Instrumental Music† in collaboration with a colleague in the Department of Music at Vassar. In 1932, she was the U.S. delegate to the International Congress of Psychology in Copenhagen.